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MIT's Sean M. Gibbons, who was not involved in this study said that the "…reduced microbial diversity found in [built environments] may have the largest impact on the developing microbiomes of infants and young children". So if you want to keep your city-dwelling kids healthy, it seems that the best option is to let them get their hands dirty.
The increase in microbial diversity, found in animals fed with the AC diet, could be related to some direct effect (caused by a metabolite derived from the sodium butyrate) or an indirect effect (reduction of some bacterial species that, in turn, control the concentration of other bacterial species) of the sodium butyrate on bacterial populations of the proximal gastrointestinal tract.
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This level of microbial community diversity found in biliary tract of gallstone patients was unprecedented in our current knowledge of the healthy human body, as only the human skin harbors a more diverse microbial community [ 42].
Galore microbial diversity was found in the thermophilic acidogenic hydrogenesis, Clostridium sp. strain Z6 and Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum were considered to be the dominant thermophilic H2-producing bacteria.
Most of the Earth's microbial diversity is found in the ocean, which ultimately directs an enormous number of bioactive substances (Bhatnagar and Kim, 2010).
We showed that at the time of malignancy diagnosis, which is before chemotherapy, a more heterogeneous bacterial community with higher microbial diversity was found in the patients who later developed oral mucositis compared with no mucositis group.
If applied at large enough scales, the strategy could also be highly complementary to metagenomics studies, filling important gaps in our understanding of how genetic diversity found within microbial communities is discretely organized into co-existing cells.
"A lot of things we found were new... whenever you go fishing for microbial diversity you find thousands of novel species because the microbial world is vastly uncharted," Dr Raes said.
Novel screening methods have emerged that enable a more efficient exploitation of the CAZyme diversity found in the microbial world or generated by protein engineering.
The genetic diversity found in the metagenomes of natural microbial biomass decay communities may harbor such enzymes.
Organic wine grapes had a greater microbial diversity, the researchers found, but biodynamic grapes had the most.
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