As mentioned above, TLR6 interaction with TLR2 has been reported to be required for recognition of microbial determinants such as zymosan and Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) [31], [32].
Innate immunity plays a primary role in infectious and non-infectious diseases, which is initiated by the recognition of microbial determinants, such as LPS [ 26].
Type IV pili are found in a variety of different bacteria with conservation of the pilin molecule and are often important virulence determinants (Craig et al., 2004), all features that are typical of microbial determinants recognized by innate immune receptors.
It was recently demonstrated that, in the presence of TLR-binding products, epithelial cells from tonsillar crypts released BAFF and IL-10, which stimulated B cells to secrete polyreactive antibodies to multiple microbial determinants.
We are also engaged in translational research in humans and animal models to define microbial and metabolic determinants of obesity and efficacy of weight loss intervention.
Functional investigations by blasting the metagenomic data against public databases may reveal the genetic determinants of microbial interactions, and illuminate the mechanisms responsible for directing the changes in microbial diversity in response to fasting challenges.
Receptors of the innate immune system detect conserved determinants of microbial and viral origin.
Bacteria and their metabolites can have direct effects on colonocytes via barrier dysfunction, epithelial proliferation, inflammatory, DNA damage, genotoxic ways, etc. Dietary fiber is one of the determinants of microbial species diversity.
Geogenic factors and landforms have long been recognized as the drivers of soil geochemistry, but geogenic factors are fundamental determinants of microbial communities in naturally metal-rich soils in Australia [ 9, 10].
