In these, microbial degradation method is the most popular and successful method to design the colon targeted formulations, which is capable of retarding the drug release in initial lag period (stomach and small intestine) and gives complete drug release in sustained manner within the colon [ 3].
Many processes such as adsorption, microbial degradation, photocatalytic degradation, Fenton method, and electrochemical treatment have been developed[1].
Until now, orthodox methods such as coagulation, microbial degradation, biosorption, incineration, absorption on activated carbon, filtration and sedimentation have been employed to treat dye wastewater [8, 9].
However, microbial degradation is an easier and less expensive method for conversion of these products to useful end products.
A lot of methods have been developed for their removal, including adsorption [34], microbial degradation [35], photocatalytic degradation [36], microwave-assisted catalytic oxidation [37], electro-Fenton method [38], electrocoagulation [39], and electrochemical treatment [40].
However, biological methods are more resistant towards the microbial degradation and require a lot of time for complete degradation.
Various methods such as ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, coagulation, sedimentation chemical oxidation, membrane separation processes, electrochemical, aerobic, anaerobic microbial degradation, etc. are accessible for waste water handling; however, these methods have limitations such as formation of inferior waste products which have to be further treated.
Finally, the microbial degradation of the polymers was tested (1) by disc diffusion method [19] against fungal pathogens and (2) by soil burial degradation test as per ISO 846:1997 [20].
Various methods have been used to remove phenol from wastewater including microbial degradation, adsorption, chemical oxidation, incineration, solvent extraction (Aksu 2005), photo-degradation (Wu et al. 2001), flocculation (Ozbelge et al. 2002), precipitation (Xian et al. 2005), ion exchange (Carmona et al. 2006).
As biotechnological methods are considered as cost-effective and environment-friendly, an interesting alternative to these techniques is microbial degradation, due to the lower cost, mild process conditions, lack of the ecological hazard and the output of potentially relevant products.
