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Microbial deconstruction of different sugar and plant biomass substrates by wild type and mutant C aldicellulosiruptor bescii following growth at 75°C for 24 hours.
Enteric fermentation studies suggest that the influence of lignin on microbial deconstruction of plant cell walls may be primarily due to physical mechanisms such as shielding of cellulose but the effect of lignin may also involve more specific molecular interactions [ 25, 26].
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Conversion of plant cell walls to bioethanol and bio-based chemicals requires pretreatment as a necessary step to reduce recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction.
However, a barrier to widespread adoption of Populus and other plants as a biofuels feedstock is the inherent recalcitrance of cell walls to enzymatic digestion and microbial deconstruction into simple sugars.
The structural complexity of plant cell walls causes plant biomass to be resistant to enzymatic and microbial deconstruction, which is defined as biomass recalcitrance [ 9].
In nature, three dominant microbial paradigms for enzymatic deconstruction of plant cell walls have been observed [ 1].
The challenges include the heterogeneous sugar content of lignocellulosic biomass and the generation of microbial inhibitory compounds during the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass into monomeric sugars for microbial utilization.
The cellulose-associated hemicelluloses block cellulases from reaching their substrate, which is likely to contribute to the defense of plants against microbial attack, and hinder the deconstruction of cellulose by industrial enzymes into fermentable monosaccharides [ 18, 19].
Analyzing metatranscriptomes from microbial communities enriched under conditions relevant to industrial deconstruction of lignocellulosic feedstocks for biofuel production is a powerful technique for discovering potentially robust lignocellulolytic enzymes.
Lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to enzymatic and microbial-catalyzed deconstruction is one of the major factors hindering the production of inexpensive biofuels [ 2, 3].
Recently [27] presented their deconstruction of what they refer to as a typical growth curve of lab-cultured microbial populations.
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