Sentence examples for microbial components and from inspiring English sources

Interestingly, the compositional abundance of both the endosymbiotic microbial components and the expressed key gene transcripts for various energy metabolisms vary with the regional geochemical gradient (Sanders et al. 2013).

Lysozyme is produced mainly by macrophages in response to microbial components and many other immune stimulants (Siwicki and Anderson Siwicki and Anderson 1993; Ringø et al. 2012) and it is a preferred marker of the immune response due to its close association with leucocytes (Kiron 2012).

As another PRRs family, Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular, cytoplasmic sensor for microbial components and danger signals [3], [4].

Several classes of PRRs, including Toll-like receptors, recognize distinct microbial components and directly activate immune cells, including antigen presentation cells such as dendritic cells (DCs).

Incomplete and limited information is available on fluctuations in level and status of serum antibodies directed against microbial components and associated with CD over time.

MiR-146 is also associated with inflammation and innate immune responses where it regulates the response to a variety of microbial components and proinflammatory cytokines [63].

Although definitive mechanistic evidence is lacking, it has been suggested that these links may be mediated to some degree via both the microbial component and the inflammatory burden that characterize the disease (6– 8).

In shallow macrotidal ecosystems with large intertidal mudflats, the sediment water coupling plays a crucial role in structuring the pelagic microbial food web functioning, since inorganic and organic matter and microbial components (viruses and microbes) of the microphytobenthic biofilm can be suspended toward the water column.

Proof of this hypothesis will require identification of the microbes and microbial components involved and multifaceted studies of PKD cell biology.

Chloroform fumigation does not render all of the microbial components extractable, and thus requires a proportion factor (kc = 0.45, see Eq. (1)) to compensate for the unextracted fraction of microbial origin22,29,30.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-known sensors of microbial components 6, and act by regulating gene expression.