Phylogenetic diversity calculations allow us to determine the relative similarity of microbial communities, using similarity of the fragment of the marker gene as a proxy for the relatedness of the organisms represented by those marker genes.
Nonetheless, molecular studies of microbial communities using Sanger sequencing have been limited by the number of sequences that can be obtained (Zhang et al. 2009).
Furthermore, the proposed CO2 IRS offers possibilities of producing a variety of chemicals by introducing appropriate microbial communities using formate as a substrate.
For comparison, we quantified the abundance of bacterial amoA genes and estimated the portion of AOA and AOB in these BSC microbial communities using published determinations of archaeal 16S rRNA genes from the same samples (Soule et al.2009).2009
In a system where non-native plants dominate ex-arable soils, we decoupled land-use (ex-arable, undisturbed) and plant-growth (native, non-native) effects on soil microbial communities using a factorial sampling design.
One freshwater and three wetlands of varying salinity in the St . Denis National Wildlife Area Saskatchewan, Canada were selected to study the effects of a mixture of eight herbicides (2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, clopyralid, bromoxynil, mecoprop, dichlorprop, and glyphosate) on wetland microbial communities using an outdoor enclosure approach.
They have also been addressed in studies of uncultured microbial communities using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA sequence data.
Previous studies of complex human microbial communities using DGGE have revealed similar levels of diversity to that encountered in the present study.
Metagenomics holds promise as a means to access the uncultured majority [2], [3], and can be broadly defined as the study of microbial communities using high-throughput DNA sequencing technology without requirement for laboratory culture [4] [7].
We also determined the evenness (expressed as Simpson's evenness measure E1/D) of the microbial communities using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for these samples, as this measure is more closely related to species richness of the soil microbial community than the number of fragments found in a sample [30].
