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The proposed method provides a rapid and simple means of detecting and identifying histamine-producing Gram positive bacteria in foods with complex microbial communities, such as cheese.
In the past decade, fatty acid profiling has been extensively used as a sensitive and reproducible biomarker and signature for characterizing microbial communities, such as bacteria and fungi [21 23].
This chapter addresses the great potential of the combined use of the present fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique and microelectrodes to study the microbial ecology of complex microbial communities such as biofilms.
Both microbial biomass C and N were not statistically affected by NPs pollution whereas the microbial C/N ratio increased with Fe3O4 and SnO2-NPs probably due to the predominance of microbial communities such as ectomycorrhizae.
With the advent of high throughput culture-independent characterization of microbial communities, such as microarray and sequencing approaches [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], detailed studies of bacterial community fluctuations due to physical, chemical and biological influences are now feasible.
Next-generation DNA sequencing is increasingly being utilized to probe microbial communities, such as gastrointestinal microbiomes, where it is important to be able to quantify measures of abundance and diversity.
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The P. communis zone, in contrast, on account of the induced higher proportion of a specific microbial community, such as class Anaerolineae and genera Methylibium, Gallionella and Desulfococcus – which potentially weakened mineralization and accelerated humification – resulted in lower soil respiration and thus higher contents of soil organic carbon and humus.
It has been underlined that microbial activity during composting is mainly due to the mesophilic microbial community, such as (bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria) which play an important role in breaking down the organic compounds to humus-like material (Finstein and Morris 1975; Herrmann and Shann 1997; Ryckeboer et al. 2003).
Another application is the relative quantification of bacterial species in a microbial community, such as the human respiratory tract.
In a complex microbial community such as the diseased sinonasal mucosa, the identification of every organism using this method would be exhaustive.
Thus, within a microbial community such as a biofilm or a microcolony, the growth of a recombinant would be inhibited by its congeners.
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