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Active methane- and sulfur-cycling microbial communities exist in deep basaltic ocean crust.
Microbial communities exist throughout the entire length of the female reproductive tract at variable composition and density and play a role in gametogenesis, reproductive cyclicity, pregnancy and successful delivery of newborns.
This could be achieved by removing H2 from areas where complex microbial communities exist.
However, the abundant taxa often were found across multiple sites suggesting that while micro-environments and different microbial communities exist in the mouth, bacteria can disseminate from the oral cavity, into the root canal system and the periapical abscess.
Recent studies using molecular techniques show that symbiotic microorganisms in sponges are phylogenetically diverse and that sponge-specific microbial communities exist that are different from that of seawater [ 7, 15, 24].
The gut, skin, vagina, urinary tract and oral cavity are among several colonisation sites in which microbial communities exist in a specific equilibrium that is required for proper function and health.
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Although the understanding of oral biofilms and the influence of surface characteristics on microbial accumulation has increased, significant gaps in the fundamental knowledge about the formation and establishment of such microbial communities still exist.
Vast microbial communities can exist within a fairly small space and as such microbial communities provide a potential opportunity for experimental approaches to exploring the ecological factors that influence SADs.
The rapid advances of high-throughput sequencing technologies dramatically prompted metagenomic studies of microbial communities that exist at various environments.
Although various sequencing techniques have been used to map the diversity of microbial communities that exist during health and disease, microbiota-associated genes and gene products that may protect from or predispose to disease remain largely unknown.
A pattern emerging from these reports is the complexity of the microbial communities that exist in the different infection niches, leading to a re-evaluation of organisms that have traditionally been regarded as commensals.
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