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The flaps are "lined with live microbial cells that shrink and expand in response to changes in humidity" allowing the entire outfit to act as a reactive sensor to let athletes cool off as needed.
Biofilms are an agglomeration of microbial cells that adhere to a surface and are imbibed in a polymeric matrix built by the microorganisms themselves (Costerton 1999).
We will also provide readers with some general information on transport phenomena in stirred bioreactors before discussing special design aspects and performance parameters for expression systems (mammalian and microbial cells) that prevail in commercial biopharmaceutical production processes.
Tetrazolium-based redox assays can be used to measure the active in vivo energy-producing pathways of a very wide range of microbial cells [1], [2], including eukaryotic microbial cells that undergo mitochondrial respiration.
Collections of microbial cells that could be called a biofilm have previously been described in the mucus covering the intestinal epithelial wall and on particulate matter in the intestine [40], [41].
It is particularly beneficial to microbial cells that need to adapt efficiently to sudden changes in environmental conditions [ 35, 36].
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My senior-year project, the one that got published, investigated electrode materials for microbial fuel cells that utilized pig manure.
This suggests that self-sustaining microbial fuel cells that can effectively convert a diverse range of waste organic matter or renewable biomass to electricity are feasible.
The leaching performance of culture supernatant was comparable to that of microbial cells indicating that an indirect non-contact leaching mechanism is predominant for metal solubilization.
Biran et al. reported a microbial cell array that employs a genetically engineered E. coli strain that contains the lacZ reporter gene, which can express β-galactosidase, fused to a the promoter of a heavy metal-responsive gene.
Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop robust microbial cell factories that are tolerant to alkane biofuels.
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