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This investigation tested the hypothesis that systemic inflammatory responses would be attenuated by minimizing the oral microbial burden in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis.
Microbiological identification of NTM in these patients is difficult given the high microbial burden in the lungs and the need to differentiate between colonization and transient and true infection.
More broadly, this strategy of modifying surfaces with minimal loadings of bioactive molecules indicates the basis of approaches that may permit management of microbial burden in wound beds without impairment of wound healing.
Thus, given the reciprocal down-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells some authors initially suggested that, in developed countries, the lack of microbial burden in early childhood which normally favors a strong Th1-biased immunity would redirect the immune response towards a Th2 phenotype and, therefore, predispose the host to allergic disorders.
Yet, these interventions reduce the microbial burden in the oral cavity and therefore the inoculum of potential pathogenic microorganisms entering the lower respiratory tract in case of microaspiration.
To assess any impact of cysteamine on sputum microbial burden in CF at pharmacological concentrations reported in vivo, multiple dosing experiments were conducted.
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The used concentration was 100 times higher than the microbial burden found in hospitals [ 2].
We did not find any oral microbial burden differences in TLR2−/− and wild type animals and TLR2−/− neutrophils were not significantly compromised in their fungal killing activity ex-vivo.
Similar to the intra-abscess injection of NO-np, topical treatment with NO-np significantly lowered microbial burden (CFU (log10) 4.85±0.29) in comparison to untreated (CFU (log10) 5.59±0.45) (P<0.01) or np-treated abscesses (CFU (log10) 5.50±0.24 P<0.00101).
The microbial burden was highest in the wards, followed by the consulting rooms and the waiting room.
Abrogation of inducible NO activity produces dramatic increases in microbial burden perpetuating the idea that NO has direct antimicrobial activity [13].
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