Pure monocultures of E. coli and S. aureus were subjected to biotyping using automated VITEK 2 biotyping system, the API20E and the ID 32 Staph system (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France).
We aimed to identify data-driven biotypes using multiple cognitive measures, then to validate these biotypes using EEG, ECG, and clinical response to atomoxetine as external validators.
NTHi is classified into biotypes using indole, urease and ornithine decarboxylase.
In Asian patients, who usually have narrow ridges and thin gingival biotype, using narrow implants enables bicortical installation in the posterior region.
Restriction digestion was performed using genomic DNA (3 μg) isolated from three biotypes using EcoR1, EcoRV and Dra1 restriction enzymes (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA, USA).
We also looked for correlations between host species and S. hermonthica biotypes, using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis.
In contrast to the DNA-based identification, microbial biotyping builds upon the observation that MALDI-TOF MS of entire microbial cells or of crude extracts reveals species-specific profiles of molecular masses [18].
Microbial biotyping of intact cells by mass spectrometry has revolutionized the identification of microorganisms, in particular in the clinical setting, but also holds great promise as a new tool for basic research in microbiology and ecology [27].
The two soybean aphid biotypes used for this study, Biotype 1 (IL) and Biotype 2 (OH), show differential responses to soybean plants containing the soybean aphid resistance gene, Rag1 [47].
It is clear from both papers that this resistance is strongly dependent upon the A. idaei biotype used for the screening; A1 was found to provide resistance against colonisation from biotypes 1 and 3 but it was not useful against the then uncommon biotype 2. Resistance gene A1 is reportedly linked to d5 for frilly dwarf with a recombination fraction of 3% [ 5].
