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Life span measurements conducted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first microbe to gain popularity as a model of aging, have been adapted or modified to address life span in newer microbial aging models, such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli.
CLS can be addressed in most current microbial aging models.
Despite its complex filamentous nature, P. anserina holds many firsts in microbial aging studies.
In P. anserina apoptosis is the final pathway leading to death of this simple microbial aging model [ 6- 9].
The quintessential microbial aging model, S. cerevisiae, is a commonly used organism for life span and calorie restriction studies for a multitude of different reasons.
Another Crabtree-positive and well-studied, both genetically and metabolically, yeast, S. pombe, probably has the distinction of being the second most popular microbial aging model.
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However, certain aspects of S. cerevisiae make parallels with metazoans difficult, but collaboration with the many other microbial models for aging that have been developed recently may greatly aid in resolving the microbial mechanisms behind CR.
Autophagy dysfunction is associated with various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, gastrointestinal disorders, microbial infection, and aging [ 11].
These results suggest that age-associated changes in antigen uptake, pathogen sensing, and/or antigen presentation contribute to impaired adaptive immune responses to microbial pathogens with aging.
More commonly known for its role in nosocomial, vaginal, and oral infections, C. albicans has recently also been established as a Crabtree-negative microbial model for aging.
Furthermore, because autophagy has been found to be associated with not only cerebral ischemia, but also other neurological diseases, such as neurodegeneration, brain microbial infection, and aging, thus our results of the regulation of ARRB1 on autophagy may ultimately help to improve our understandings of the molecular mechanisms and offer new clinical therapeutic directions for these diseases.
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