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Sequence amplification of genes encoding such pumps can increase the number of efflux pumps in the cell membrane and thus the ability of microbes to cope with antifungal drugs (Selmecki et al. 2008) or antibiotics (Sandegren and Andersson 2009).
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This unique biotope often equipped these microbes with the phenomenal potential to cope with several environmental and anthropogenic stresses.
In particular, it is working on deodorants especially designed for women, which take into account the feminine bacterial profile, and on male-only shower gels that are engineered to cope with more masculine microbes.
The larger organisms have, therefore, had to evolve immunity mechanisms to cope with the pervasive presence of microbes.
In this context, extracellular symbiotic microbes in the alimentary tract of host insects may seem unlikely to exhibit such reductive genome evolution, considering that such associations are unstable outside the host body cavity, their lifestyle seems closer to that of free-living microbes, and thus, more genes are to be needed to cope with environmental fluctuations.
The colors in the ponds come from unusual microbes that thrive in the evaporating brine and produce pigments to cope with the intense sunlight.
Faced with greater challenges, martian life may have evolved even better ways to cope with salty water than Earth's microbes have devised.
To cope with such oxidative damage and insure normal signaling events, Antarctic microbes have developed complex and precisely controlled antioxidant systems by regulating cellular gene expression which enables organisms to maintain proteins and other cellular components as usual.
Further studies of model enzymes like β-galactosidase and the polyextremophilic microbe H. lacusprofundi are likely to provide greater insights into how life may be able to cope with challenging conditions on other worlds.
Moreover, given the important roles of intestinal microbes and their metabolites for human health, novel developmental diet-germ cell axis of communication may exist in animals to cope with dietary variation.
"But you have to cope.
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