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Moreover, in an actual infection, the microbes are often present inside the macrophages and are not necessarily localized in the skin.
Thus, soil microbes are often more active at medium soil moistures (Bauer et al. 2008; Craine and Gelderman 2011; Davidson et al. 2012).
Airborne microbes are often attached to dust particles or water droplets from sneezes and coughs or breezes over land or bodies of water.
This is of significant interest because microbes are often observed in the epithelium of the A. glabripennis midgut and are poised to directly interact with host cells.
Mutualistic relationships with microbes are often established for the lifetime of the host and interactions can be mediated by the insect immune system, for example, by antimicrobial peptides such as coleoptericins (Login et al. 2011).
For example, mutations in intrahost viral populations are likely to be under strong selection to evade the immune response and drug therapy, and microbes are often subjected to strong selective pressures in experimental studies of adaptation.
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Although the ethanol tolerance of microbes is often measured by the capability to survive exposure to lethal ethanol levels, this is the first study using this phenotype as a selection method in genome shuffling experiments.
Like weed, a plant not wanted in a garden, microbe is often a more useful term than one with a precise scientific meaning.
Evolution of a microbe is often driven by its environment or life-style.
He helped discover how some bacteria used microscopic pumps to purge themselves of antibiotics, and he unravelled a paradox involving biofilms: groupings of microbes that are often deadly and impervious to medication, even though in isolation they are easily eradicated.
The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of microbes, which are often used to identify species (or genera), have nine highly variable regions (V1 V9), each of which is surrounded by conserved regions.
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