Microarrays can be used to study disease pathophysiology and disease classification.
Microarrays can be used to detect genomic differences between strains or closely related pathogens.
With a careful filtering of the probes based on their sequence overlaps, data from different generations of microarrays can be combined more effectively.
Polymer microarrays can be formed by printing pre-synthesised polymers or by printing monomers onto the chip where on-slide polymerisation is initiated.
The accuracy and technical reproducibility of the method suggests that expression profiling using transcript amplification and high density oligonucleotide microarrays can be used on a routine basis.
These microarrays can be used to probe insects for the incidence and expression of resistance alleles and are a powerful tool for the incrimination and diagnosis of resistance mechanisms.
In addition, macro- and microarrays can be used in pharmacogenomic and toxicogenomic experiments, aimed at extensive analyses of the effects of therapeutic drugs on overall gene expression of target cells.
The morphology of the 2D microarrays can be controlled by changing the solvent, reducer, and surfactant.
Microarrays can be used for comparative genomic hybridisation among near relatives via heterologous hybridisation (Davey et al. [2009]).
Further genome sequencing initiatives within the Pinaceae have the potential to further expand the database upon which microarrays can be designed to interrogate transcriptome data across related species.
The comparison is greatly simplified since the same microarrays can be used for both purposes.
