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Notably, RT-PCR data is suggestive for the microarray to underestimate changes in the gene expression even though both methods supported the general directions of changes.
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The tendency for microarrays to underestimate fold changes relative to qRT-PCR is well established [ 28].
While some studies reported that small changes may be due to the tendency of microarray analysis to underestimate fold changes in transcripts accumulation [ 31], comparison of fold changes between microarray and real-time PCR analysis showed the accuracy of nylon microarrays used, even if fold-changes higher than 2-fold seemed to be somewhat underestimated.
This is consistent with the observation that microarrays tend to underestimate absolute fold change and that qRT-PCR has greater detection sensitivity (but considerably lower throughput) than microarray technology [ 12].
Thus the microarray technology tends to underestimate changes in gene expression between the comparison groups.
In a previous study we showed that microarray hybridization tend to underestimate sex-related differences in expression of Z-linked genes in chicken, as calibrated against data from real-time PCR experiments [ 14].
The microarray analysis appeared to underestimate the fold change of expression compared with qPCR, with the only exception being Kpnb1, for which a downregulation in embryos was not supported by qPCR.
Because microarray analysis is generally known to underestimate fold changes in gene expression (Dallas et al., 2005), we focused on fold differences greater than 1.3.
The correlation between genes assayed by real time PCR analysis and by microarray analysis was significant (R2 = .73, Figure 2A).Microarray analysis tended to underestimate the fold change, especially in the liver stage samples (Figure 2B).
Consistent with prior observations, there was a bias to underestimate the fold-change of highly differential genes in the microarray data (Illumina vs. Q-RT-PCR; SOST: 28 vs. 38; RUNX3: 10 vs. 13) [ 35].
"Activists like me tend to underestimate this".
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