The paper shows that no structure is universal when it comes to the loudspeaker design: some are well adapted to micro displacements of the coil while other structures are adapted to large displacements.
The proposed technique allows evaluation of surface roughness and micro-displacement of specimen by using just one device.
For the OPFIE, it is previously found that caused the micro-displacement of the working table in Z direction, which will influence the spatial frequencies in the feed direction.
The compatibility equation about the elastic deformations generated at the end of each limb in the axes of constraint wrenches and the six-dimensional micro-displacement of the moving platform is {varvec{updelta}}_{upsilon } = {varvec{G}}_{upsilon }^{text{T}} {varvec{X}}.
Stiffness matrices of the limb's overconstraint and constraint wrenches that correspond to the two types of mechanisms are defined, which help to establish the compatibility equations about the deformations generated at the ends of supporting limbs and the micro-displacements of the moving platform [58].
Fibroblast cells attach to the matrix and, in keeping with their physiology, begin to apply a traction force to it, resulting in micro-displacements of the embedded beads.
To validate the accuracy of the monitoring by the grating eddy current micro displacement sensor, a quantitative analysis of the fracture is accomplished with the PXS-5T microscope, as shown in Fig. 20.
For the purpose of enlarging the micro displacement generated by the ultrasonic vibration and obtaining a large torque and a higher efficiency, the resonance frequency of the longitudinal vibration and torsional vibration should coincide.
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of eddy-current transducer (cross section) Fig. 4 Grating eddy current micro displacement sensor and smart washer.
hfill end{aligned} The relationship between the elastic deformations generated at the end of supporting limbs and the six-dimensional micro-displacement X of the moving platform as the result of external loads can be derived as delta_{j} = {varvec{G}}_{:,j}^{text{T}} {varvec{X}}.
Crack initiation and debris formation are the predominant types of damage observed in the fretting specimens due to micro-displacement between the junctions of two contacting members.
