The diabetes (db/db) mutation (i.e., leptin membrane receptor defect) promotes a progressive, hypercytolipidemia within ovarian follicular granulosa, thecal and interstitial layers of C57BL/KsJ mice which manifests an infertile, acyclic hypogonadal syndrome.
We also included freshly-isolated splenocytes from 3 4 months old MRL-lpr mice, which manifest lupus as positive controls.
To confirm the importance of macrophages in the clearance of Mp, we also tested clearance from the lungs of Csf1op/op mice, which manifest reduced numbers of macrophages and monocytes [31] because of a mutation in CSF1 (also designated M-CSF).
We used the female MKR+/+ mouse, which manifests severe insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, yet is only mildly hyperglycemic and leaner than controls.
A phenocopy was seen in cells from IL-13Rα2 null mice, which also manifest exaggerated levels of TUNEL staining, LDH release, and caspase-1 activation after SP infection.
A phenocopy was seen in cells from IL-13Rα2 null mice, which also manifest exaggerated levels of TUNEL staining and LDH release after H2O2 treatment.
The subtle, long-term accumulation of reduced activity and switch in energy substrate utilization may account for the gradual weight gain in IL-1RI−/− mice, which eventually manifests as mature-onset obesity.
In addition, 12-week and 24-week old, but not 7-week old Vezt fl/fl:PrestinCre mice, displayed vestibular dysfunction, which manifested as a spontaneous circling behaviour, and abnormal elevated-platform and swimming tests (data not shown).
We demonstrate a low bone mass phenotype in Lef1+/− mice, which appears to manifest specifically in the context of high bone turnover rate.
This is consistent with the previous study on Coq9 R239X mice, which do not manifest kidney disease either (Garcia-Corzo et al, 2013).
