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cGMP vaccine Lots displayed high potency, inducing between 80 and 90% survival in immunized mice when challenged with virulent pneumococci.
Besides, we demonstrated that other parasite antigens introduced into mice when challenged, and consequently never seen before by the immune system, also elicited a Th1 immune response.
Preliminary evaluation indicated that mice inoculated with this transformant showed higher weights and lower numbers of lung nodules and tissular mycobacteria than control mice when challenged with wild-type M. tuberculosis.
Mice heterozygous for the insulin receptor kinase (IR+/−) gene performed the same as wild-type mice when challenged with a traditional, non-learning-based task to test gross anosmia.
The bba64 mutant was unable to infect the MyD88-deficient or C57BL/6J background control mice when challenged by infected nymphs (Table 3).
However, both the WT and bba64 complemented spirochetes infected 80% of the MyD88-deficient mice and 100% of the control mice when challenged by tick bite (Table 3).
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This had been demonstrated in oral immunized mice that, when challenged with R. equi, showed higher survival rates, higher bacterial clearance, and milder inflammatory response compared with the non-vaccinated mice [27].
Thus in both experiments, we consistently observed that a higher number of mice survived when challenged with ΔpilB mutant as compared to WT strain after 24 h post-infection demonstrating the importance of PilB pilus of S. agalactiae NEM316 in the neonatal context.
Gromada and colleagues reported that beta cell area was unaltered in Angptl8-knockout mice, even when challenged with a high-fat diet or treated with S961 [ 23].
In our study, serum analysis of cytokine proteins revealed higher expression of M-CSF, IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, and VegF in the arthritic mice only when challenged with 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells.
It has been demonstrated that a partial depletion of murine neutrophils using monoclonal antibodies increases mouse survival when challenged intraperitoneally with S. aureus (Gresham et al., 2000).
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