An important question is to what extent we can extrapolate the observations in a small mammal like the mouse to larger animals like humans.
Notably, it requires ectopic expression of high levels of microbial proteins, which creates the risk of an immune reaction, and it must also overcome the limited propagation of light through brain tissue, which necessitates invasive implantation of indwelling optical fibers and is unlikely to scale well from the small brains of mice to the large brains of humans.
Upon intraperitoneally injecting T cells into mice to treat large pre-existing intraperitoneal human-derived tumors that had been growing in vivo for 56 days, we found a rapid and significant reduction in disease burden in mice receiving T cells expanded with OKT3/IL-2 (Fig. 2A and 2C).
During training and testing, we used different restriction schedules to motivate mice to initiate large numbers of trials (16).
To examine the effect of the mutation on photic entrainment in greater detail, we measured the re-entrainment response of mice to a large delay in the daily photoschedule.
The size and shape (topology) of the mammalian cerebral cortex present significant variations across species, ranging from the small and smooth (lissencephalic) cortex of mice, to the large and profoundly folded (gyrencephalic) cortex of humans.
Bonnett and colleagues have shown that early recruitment and aggregation of oxidase-positive neutrophils, in addition to the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages, was essential in preventing conidial germination in the lungs of mice exposed to large numbers of A. fumigatus spores [3].
They ranged from the smallest animals that can be collared — pocket mice — to the largest, elephants.
There was a tendency for tumors formed in Ghrl−/− mice to be larger than those formed in the wild-type mice (Fig. 4b,c).
