Sentence examples for mice to human from inspiring English sources
It can be difficult to extrapolate from a drug- or mutation-induced phenotype in mice to human pathophysiology because mouse and human cardiac electrodynamics differ greatly.
Although the precise molecular mechanism driving hepatocarcinogenesis in both species is yet to be determined, the relative similarity of Myc Tgfa transgenic mice to human subclass A HCCs indicates that the signaling pathways driven by the receptor for TGFA or its related receptors have a role in prognosis for human HCC.
Despite well-known homologies, the difference in immune response between mice and humans impacts the application of data derived from mice to human disease outcomes.
But moving from mice to human beings is always difficult otherwise it wouldn't take more than a decade and $800 million to develop the average drug.
The results may suggest the relevance of our study in A498 model mice to human studies partly although further studies to clarify whether our results are actually general or not are necessary.
Switching from mice to human cancer cell lines, we also obtained evidence that expression of Eph/ephrins is posttranscriptionally regulated through interaction of the conserved sequence clusters and HuR, suggesting a link between misregulation of Eph/ephrin expression in cancer and overexpression of HuR.
"However, inherent differences between species often make it difficult to extrapolate findings in mice to humans," said Dr. Abate-Shen.
"In pharmaceutical testing, the move from cells in petri dishes to mice to humans — those jumps are simply too great," said John Wikswo, director of the Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education.
The Human Genome Project, for example, is finding an increasing number of genes that are shared by different species, from worms to mice to humans.
As such, a guide to assessing studies in mouse models and salient issues related to translation from mice to humans are included.
We also outline our unique approach of extrapolating findings in mice to humans, and present studies on forebrain-specific calcineurin knockout mice as an example.
