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As this study did not require direct work with mice or primary human tissues, no additional approval was necessary.
EBV-susceptible transgenic mice or primary murine cells, which carry a priori defined genetic mutations in cellular genes presumably involved in EBV's pathogenesis, would be valuable tools and greatly advance our understanding of the functions of cellular and viral gene products and their critical interplay.
Systems biology analysis aims to understand the properties of a given system, which, in relation to cancer, could be tumor cell lines, xenografts, genetically engineered mice or primary cells from patients pre- or post-treatment.
Primary thymic lymphoma cells from Rps27l −/− ;Trp53 +/− mice or primary MEFs at early passage were treated with 0.2 μg/ml KaryoMAX colcemid solution (Life Technologies) for 2 hr before harvesting for metaphase preparation.
Compared to wild-type mice, untreated PPARα-null mice or primary hepatocytes isolated from PPARα-null mice were more sensitive to carbon tetrachloride-, paraquat- or cadmium-induced toxicity [ 12].
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However, several in vivo studies with AhR knock-out mice or in primary mouse cells support the notion that AhR suppresses induction of NF-κB activity and inflammatory reactions in different cells and tissues [ 16],[ 17],[ 19]–[ 21].
It was reported that human tumor xenografts, including tumors that had been established in serial transplantation in athymic nude mouse hosts or primary surgical tumor tissues, implanted under the renal capsule of normal mice were quantifiable in ocular micrometer units for six days and could retain morphological and functional characteristics of the parent tumors [ 26, 52].
Specificity was confirmed by the absence of immunostaining by isotype-specific mouse antisera or primary antibody omission.
For co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), 750 μg of protein were incubated with 2 μg rabbit or mouse IgG or primary antibody shaking at 4 °C overnight followed by incubation with A/G agarose beads for 2 h at room temp.
These results suggest that CYLD colocalizes mainly with acetylated MTs in the perinuclear region, and this localization is constitutive in CYLD-transduced melanoma cells, whereas in primary mouse keratinocytes or primary human melanocytes (Supplementary Figure S1C) it is induced after TPA treatment or exposure to UV light.
Afterwards, sections were washed three times for 5 minutes each in 1× PBS and then incubated with ImmPress Universal reagent (Vector Laboratories) when mouse or rabbit primary antibodies were used, or with Anti-Rat Ig Horse Rabbit Peroxidase detection kit (BD Pharmingen) when rat primary antibodies were used.
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