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From now on, "deletion mice", "Snord116del mice" or "mutant mice" refer to mice with a paternal deletion.
However, true in vivo identification of such critical amino acids would require an analysis using for example knock-in mice or mutant patient cell lines.
SA-ßGal activity was not evident in the aortic wall of either wild-type mice or mutant mice subjected to vehicle infusion.
Furthermore, plasma FN conditional knockout mice, or mutant mice with reduced plasma FN levels of 50% or 70-80%, were shown to have normal clotting and bleeding times.
Whole kidneys from wild-type BALB/c mice or mutant mice euthanised by exposure to carbon dioxide gas were homogenised in 500µl of Triazol (Gibco) reagent and RNA was extracted according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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The functional role of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in vivo has been established by the identification of phenotypic abnormalities shared by knockout mice or mutants of specific signaling molecules involved in this pathway.
All mice, wt or mutant, were C57BL/6.
Mice homozygous for this missense mutation are termed Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice, or 'ATP8B1 mutant' mice.
Male CD1 mice, C3H mice (Charles River, Calco, Italy) or mutant mice homozygous for an insertional mutant allele of Dkk1 gene lacking a transcriptional enhancer (doubleridge mice) (kindly provided by Miriam H. Meisler, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, USA), 10 week-old, weighing 22 24 g were used.
33 34 Additionally, Sirt1-CKO mice or Sirt1 mutant mice exhibit enhanced osteoarthritic cartilage destruction, 34 35 suggesting that SIRT1 plays a cartilage-protective role.
Treatment of the fibrillin-1 mutant mice or the mdx mutant mice with TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibitor losartan improved muscle architecture, repair and function [20].
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