To evaluate whether biofilm formation occurred on the implants in our mouse model, implants were harvested from euthanized mice on post-operative days 7 and 14 (Figure 5).
To determine the location of the inflammatory infiltrate and bacterial inoculum within the infected post-operative joints, histologic sections were harvested from S. aureus-inoculated (5×102 CFUs) and uninfected control mice on post-operative day 1 (Figure 4).
To determine whether the antibiotic-impregnated implant coatings had any impact on biofilm formation, the implants were harvested from mice on post-operative day 7 and biofilm formation was evaluated by VP-SEM (Figure 6D).
Since there was no difference in the myofibre CSA from β2KO and WT mice on post-cryolesion day 21, we did not measure muscle function in this time point.
20 μl of an ATP-hydrolyzing enzyme apyrase (100 μM, Sigma-Aldrich), A-317491 (3 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich), AF-353 (3 mg/kg, Afferent Pharmaceuticals) or normal saline solution was injected into the tongue of mice on post-inoculation day 14.
In addition, the akirin1 expression in injured muscle from β2KO mice analysed on post-cryolesion day 10 was more robust when compared with that in injured muscles from WT mice (95%; P ≤ 0.05; Fig. 7).
In addition, the S. aureus-infected LysEGFP mice had 20 40% higher EGFP-neutrophil fluorescent signals than uninfected control mice on all post-operative days 1 to 10 (Figure 3B).
SOD1 levels were two-fold greater in the wound tissue of UA2-treated mice on all post-injury days examined (days, 1, 3, 5, 8 and 13) (Figs. 6, 7).
Higher numbers of lung-infiltrating CD4+ T cells were observed in influenza virus-infected Cd59a /– mice compared to WT mice on days3 and8 post-infection, but by day12 this difference no longer existed.
Briefly, 44 peaks were identified for euthyroid mice collected on post-natal day 4 (PND4) and 186 for PND15, for a total of 230 candidate binding sites.
To show CTB-594 transport through the ONs post crush, mice overexpressing either GFP or hNRN1 were injected intravitreally with 2 μl of CTB conjugated with AlexaFluor 594 (1 μg/ul) at 26 dpc (AAV2 GFP, n=4, AAV2 hNRN1, n=8).
