The g-ratio was significantly decreased in rhGas6- versus PBS-treated mice, indicating increased myelin thickness in rhGas6-treated mice.
Intravenous administration of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded 3-helix micelles in mice indicated increased tumor accumulation with extended drug half-life and reduced side effects.
Thus betaine levels, together with the ratio of betaine:DMG were both significantly reduced in the livers of Nox4-/ mice, indicating increased BHMT activity.
The volumes recovered from PD-fluid-exposed Cav1−/− mice were significantly lower than those recovered from WT mice, indicating increased permeability in the peritoneum of Cav1−/− mice (Fig 8F).
SSADH-deficient mice also have increased levels of S6 phosphorylation in the liver (Fig 9A and B) and brain (Fig 9C and D) compared to WT mice, indicating increased levels of mTOR activity.
The number of CD45+ and CD68+ cells was markedly increased in the tumor tissues of HFD-fed mice, indicating increased infiltration of these immune cells into tumor tissues, which possibly increased tumor angiogenesis.
Increased endothelial superoxide production increased endothelial levels of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and enhanced macrophage recruitment in early lesions in the aortic roots of 9-week-old mice, indicating increased atherosclerotic plaque initiation.
Further, pSmad2 antibody staining intensity was elevated in the DG and SVZ of 12-month old transgenic compared to WT mice, indicating increased intracellular TGF-beta signaling in the aged S7ΔEx1 mice.
Furthermore, infiltration with Evans blue dye, which stains damaged fibers, was significantly reduced in the quadriceps, GN and diaphragm of the E2F1−/− mdx mice, indicating increased muscle membrane stability (Fig. 1G and H).
Indeed, previous studies conducted in the spiny mouse indicate increasing maternal dietary creatine improves neonatal outcomes following birth asphyxia [ 53- 55].
