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Bmf −/− mice experienced ∼30% more spontaneous seizures when compared with Bmf +/+ mice (Supplementary Table 1).
Consistently, both circulating levels of FGF21 and its hepatic mRNA expression were progressively elevated in apoE−/− mice with spontaneous development of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
They show that the predominant phenotype of Ncu-g1 gt/gt mice is spontaneous development of liver fibrosis, accompanied by splenomegaly.
In fact, chronic hepatic SAM deficiency in a certain mouse strain (i.e., Mat1a knockout mice) resulted in spontaneous development of HCC (Martinez-Chantar et al. 2002).
In contrast, PTP1B effectively inhibits signaling of several oncogenic tyrosine kinases [ 50], while inactivation of the gene in TP53 knockout mice accelerates the spontaneous development of lymphomas [ 32].
The monoallelic deletion of BECLIN 1 in mice caused the spontaneous development of tumours, including ovarian cancer, in association with reduced autophagy [ 11].
MET overexpression in transgenic mice led to spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma and and inactivation of the MET gene to tumor regression [ 41].
Most importantly, SOCS2 deletion in mice promotes the spontaneous development of intestinal tumours driven by mutations in the APC/ β-catenin pathway (Newton et al, 2010).
In addition, long-lived Trf1 Δ/Δ K5Cre Chk2 −/− mice also showed spontaneous development of invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) both in the tail and ear skin (Fig. 2G,H).
Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice = a mouse strain susceptible to spontaneous development of autoimmune insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Changing environmental factors in the housing conditions of DBA/1 mice severely affects the spontaneous development of arthritis.
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