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It is of note that the blood insulin levels of CXCL14−/− female mice are lower than those of control female mice irrespective of obesity.
The Hamp1 levels in Tfr2−/− control mice are lower than that of wild-type controls in spite of having significantly higher iron levels as a consequence of Tfr2 knockout and is the expected phenotype for these animals [23].
Since CXCL14 is inhibitory for the insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and the serum insulin concentrations of CXCL14−/− mice are lower than those of CXCL14+/− mice [6], temporal increase of blood glucose levels might contribute to the observed phenomenon.
On day 45, the arthritis scores in these mice are lower as compared to WT-type mice.
Osteoblasts express MMP2, and bones of MMP2-knockout mice are lower in bone mineral density than those of wild-type mice.
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Previous studies have demonstrated that copper and iron levels in the brains of transgenic mice are lowered by expressing mutant APP or the carboxyl terminus of APP [39] [41].
The results show that the concentration of GM-CSF in the lungs of RNF13-KO mice was lower than that in WT mice after bearing B16F10 cells (Fig. 4D).
Plasma levels of interferon (IFN -γ IFN -γ-treated B10 and B6 mine were lower than those in VD3-treatedated animals, and VD3 resolved a Pc infection in IFN-γ-KO mice, which greatly improved survival.
A major cause of the lower body weight of CXCL14−/− mice is lower food intake, but not increased energy expenditure.
Thirdly, the cellular responses in CD-1 mice were lower overall compared to responses in Balb/c mice.
Interestingly, IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine concentrations in these mice were lower than those in mice receiving 25×106 cells.
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