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Despite its size, it has developed an articulated metropolitan governance system that responds to its specific economic, environmental and social challenges, with one of the most sophisticated and efficient integrated public transport systems in the world.
We need to provide better public transportation, an education system that promotes a modicum of equality of opportunity, and a system of metropolitan "governance" that works not just for the 1 percent, nor even for the top 20 percent, but for all citizens.
Up to what point, then, can democracies, at any level of territorial sub-division, accept the temporary or lasting suppression of some kinds of freedom, just to raise their level of internal security in metropolitan governance?
Documenting the economic and social disadvantages arising from Australia's form of metropolitan governance, and providing an example for expensive infrastructure mishaps arising from federal and state governments prioritising different transport modes and projects, the paper argues for the creation of representative, accountable and fiscally autonomous metropolitan governments.
He also advanced the then-novel idea of metropolitan governance, to get around some of the problems caused by middle-class flight to the suburbs.
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We need metropolitan-scale governance to address global competitiveness, climate change and poverty reduction, all of which transcend local boundaries.
Our metropolitan region lacks coordinated governance with 540 separate governments with the power to tax in Cook County alone.
Part three ("Economics and governance in metropolitan areas") deals with the political and economic forces that shape cities and transform them into endless suburbs.
The federal government, though, must recognize the importance of metropolitan regions and these existing governance structures and empower them.
Making cities effective can mean rethinking governance, planning and metropolitan finance.
From this perspective, the capacity of city-regions to face these challenges of governance at the metropolitan level largely depends on the specific local political contexts that may either favour or hamper cooperation between municipalities.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com