The quantitative metrics contrast recovery (CR) and background variability (BV) were calculated.
The resulting data were required to pass standard Affymetrix QC metrics (contrast QC > 0.4) before further analysis.
It is challenging to directly compare and interpret differences across studies because of different research methodologies (study designs, outcome definitions, and exposure assessments, metrics, and contrasts) (Stieb et al. 2012).
Meta-analyses have found overall increases in associations between PM2.5 and PTB [e.g., Sapkota et al. (2012), with PM2.5 exposure in the third trimester odds ratio (OR) = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.15)], but noted that variable results across studies may be attributable to differences in study designs, populations, or exposure metrics and contrasts (Sapkota et al. 2012; Stieb et al. 2012).
To compare the algorithms reliability metrics were calculated and contrasted.
Because different measures may have different degrees of measurement error, we contrasted three metrics of long-term exposure: observed PM10 from monitors nearest participants' residences, imputed PM10 derived from a space time model, and imputed PM2.5 also derived from a space time model.
Relative metrics, by contrast, encourage an outward focus: To outdo competitors, executives must also study them closely and find ways to create differentiated positions.
The fragmentation metrics of Contrast-Weighted Edge Density with three different height dissimilarity calculation methods were used to analyze the fragmentation at the landscape level.
Metrics, by contrast, are supposed to provide information that is hard and objective.
The performance of the FR metrics on contrast is lower than on other structural distortions.
