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Consistent with the established role of CG methylation in transcriptional repression, most of the transcripts identified as differentially expressed relative to wild type in the vim1 vim2 vim3 and met1 mutants were upregulated.
These trends are consistent with the expected role of promoter DNA methylation in transcriptional repression.
This might argue for a role of H1.4K26 methylation in transcriptional repression in heterochromatin.
The role of DNA methylation in transcriptional regulation has been well demonstrated in nuclear-encoded genes, including mitochondria related genes [ 16].
ZBTB12-DMR spans a ~250-bp ~250-bpin ZBTB12 exon 1: although the regionf gene-body methylatinn in transcriptional regulation is not fully understood, yet there are evidences of a role of the first exon's DNA methylation in transcriptional silencing and, putatively, in alternative splicing [ 34].
Accordingly, treatment of T-ALL cell lines with demethylating agents resulted in increased levels of MSX2 expression, ranging from 3 to 8-fold, supporting a role for DNA methylation in transcriptional regulation.
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Clearly more information on the state of methylation in and outside of CpG islands and across different tissues is needed to clarify the role methylation plays in transcriptional regulation.
Numerous studies in ES cells and neural stem cells strongly suggest that LSD1 is a key histone methylation modifier in transcriptional regulation for stem cell fate determination.
Aberrant methylation resulting in transcriptional silencing of TMS1/ASC, a member of the caspase recruitment domain family of proapoptotic mediators, has also been frequently observed in OCCC tumours (Terasawa et al, 2004).
In two B-cell lymphoma cell lines, ANGPT2 re-expression could be induced by treatment with methyl inhibitors, underscoring the importance of DNA methylation in the transcriptional regulation of this gene.
Most interestingly, our study revealed that methylation in the transcriptional termination region (TTR) is also highly correlated with gene expression.
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