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Indicative of a free volume increase, a molecular energetic mobility analysis (involving intrinsic friction analysis) revealed enhanced methyl side group mobility.
Adding methyl side group substituents to the ortho position of the biphenol group restricts the subglass γ process in a kinetic sense, shifting the process to higher temperatures.
At temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) there are two major molecular motions in this copolymer: a backbone motion (the rotational motion about single bonds) and a methyl side group rotation.
This is based on the existence of perfect matching between the interchain distance of β-PBA along [100] direction and the distance of the out-sticking methyl side group arrays along the [101] direction of the (010) iPP plane.
As the temperature is further decreased to about −175°C, well below the β-transition observed in d.m.a., the methyl side group rotation slows down, suggesting that the methyl rotation may be associated with the observed β relaxation process.
It is likely that this ion originates from methyl side group, which is the most functionally distinct aspect of this monomer compared to t-BCHA.
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Furthermore modified PTMO segments (PTMOm: 15 wt% of methyl side groups) were used.
The unique molecular stability of TELs is attributed to the presence of cyclopentane rings, methyl side groups and sugar residues that create extensive hydrogen bond network.
Also other types of low Tg segments were incorporated in the polymers: modified poly tetramethyleneoxide) (methyl side groups), poly(oxyethyleneglycol) and poly ethylene/butylene).
Further, agaropectin is not electrically neutral, due to heavy modifications of sulfate, pyruvate, and methyl side-groups; these chemical substituents are responsible for the varying gel properties of the polysaccharide in aqueous solutions.
The curing reactivity of epoxy system is restrained by the introduction of rigid fluorene into chain backbone and flexible methyl into side groups.
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