One of their advantages is that by analyzing only the DNA sequence, these methods work out partial genomes or even long stretches of DNA sequence.
Though it can involve different branches, it concentrates on applying theories and methods, working out kinks and discovering new ideas.
The dating of the G6PD gene's variants, done by a method worked out by a colleague of Dr. Tishkoff's, Dr. Andrew G. Clark of Pennsylvania State University, showed how rapidly a life-protecting variant of a gene can become widespread.
On the basis of the method worked out the task of determining the sound field inside the cylindrical volume bounded by the shell excited by the deterministic and random fields of external forces is solved.
And I'm not the only one who applies cost-benefit analysis to courtship; the fellow Guardian contributor Cara Ellison called this "The Beyoncé Freelancing Method": working out whether the guy you're with is worth the £150 you could have been earning writing a feature.
The proposed method works out a preliminary plant design, evaluates the energy flows and calculates the water cost and the expected water selling price.
Methods were worked out to obtain toluene from petroleum.
By the time the sequence methods were worked out, the code had been broken by other researchers, mainly the American biochemist Marshall Nirenberg and the Indian-born American biochemist Har Gobind Khorana, using in vitro protein synthesis techniques.
In the 1950s acetylene was widely used as a chemical raw material, and methods were worked out for obtaining it from hydrocarbon sources, as shown in Figure 3. Later ethylene became in general more economical, and the use of acetylene as a raw material has been declining.
