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Because oil and gas are produced by heating oil shale and because heating methods typically involve hydrocarbon combustion either at the site or in power plants nearby, shale processing inevitably results in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most common greenhouse gas.
These methods typically involve functionalization of culture surfaces with proteins.
Quantitative subjective assessment methods typically involve the construction of questionnaires with rating scales, surveys, and user studies which can be conducted either in laboratory or "real-world" settings.
Other gene finding methods typically involve some degree of preprocessing as is made clear by how their test-data is often arranged (e.g., the 570 separate sequences, each containing one gene, in the B&G ALLSEQ dataset [16]).
Such methods typically involve three key sequential steps: the construction of a genomic library; physical mapping of the MHC genes; and isolation/identification of the MHC genes through genomic sequencing and functional analysis in different species.
Label-based methods typically involve distinct isotopic labeling of each sample and require extensive sample preparation and analysis.
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Employed assay methods typically involved the use of HPLC, formic acid, and large amounts of expensive radiolabeled [3H]UDP-N-acetylglucosaminyl ([3H]UDP-GlcNAc).
The MM/GBSA method typically involves the calculation of the molecular mechanics gas-phase energies, continuum electrostatic solvation energies (by solving the generalised Born equation), surface area-based non-polar energies, and various entropic terms [45, 46].
While parallelizing the Gauss Seidel method typically involves a compromise between a scalable convergence rate and maintaining high flop rates, polynomial smoothers achieve parallel scalable multigrid convergence rates without sacrificing flop rates.
Compared with traditional analytical methods that typically involve extensive sample preparation through extraction and chromatographic separation, ambient ionization methods involve the examination of samples under ordinary conditions with minimal to zero sample preparation.
This is because current video-based inventory data collection methods do not typically involve videotaping local roadways and are not frequently updated.
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