To complete the crucifix for St. Peter the Apostle, he said, his artisans would use rough oak and traditional woodworking methods to hand-hew a cross.
Other methods to measure hand hygiene activity include measuring consumption rates of hand hygiene products, such as alcohol rubs, 45 and electronic systems for monitoring compliance, 46 but the WHO guidelines suggest that direct observation is still the gold standard.
Despite the relative simplicity of indirect methods to monitor hand hygiene activities, no such research has been conducted in LTCFs worldwide.
We need better methods for validating results; better measures for process, implementation, and risk adjustment; better methods to measure hand hygiene; and standardization of formats and codes for efficient electronic data exchange.
Handedness correlates not very highly with side of the head the phone is used [concordances of only about 60% have been determined (Hepworth et al. 2006)], and there are no other methods at hand to validate these data.
Considering the different methods at hand to exploit the transcriptome (Fig. 2), Nuwaysir et al. [ 2] stated in 1999 that microarray technology is of unprecedented power in toxicological research.
Given that the Protein Data Bank (PDB 4) currently contains about five thousand structures of such proteins, it would be attractive for mechanistic studies to have a method at hand to quickly estimate Ca2+-protein affinities based on the structures of the corresponding complexes.
It is worth to point out that although the incremental dynamic analysis is the most powerful and reliable method at hand to analyze a structure subjected to seismic loads, still it is accompanied with excessive uncertainties in the exact response of the structure.
However, the recommended method to monitor hand hygiene compliance, according to the WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, is by direct observations.
The 'My five moments for hand hygiene' approach is nowadays considered the "gold standard" method to monitor hand hygiene compliance.
It, however, must be noted that literature comparing this "hands-on" method to the "hands-off" or the "hands-poised" methods is controversial.
