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The formula used to derive the expected DoR is shown in the Supplementary Methods; this formula was similarly used to derive the expected DoCB.
For estimators that are scaled to minimize their mean squared error ('Materials and methods'), this formula can be rewritten as (7) ϵ = σ v 2 (1 − r 2 ), where (8) r = 〈 v (t ) v e (2 ) (t ) 〉 〈 (v (t ) ) 2 〉 〈 (v e (2 ) (t ) ) 2 〉 = 〈 v (t ) v e (2 ) (t ) 〉 σ v 〈 (v e (2 ) (t ) ) 2 〉 is the correlation coefficient between the estimated and true velocities.
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To determine goodwill under this method, follow this formula: Goodwill = Capitalized Value of Average/Super Profits - Capital Employed.
In eight steps, we describe the method to derive this formula.
In this method, a formula is presented to transmute UH into probability distributions.
In this method, a formula for the EMA is used to calculate the power output to the network from the previous period's EMA value.
As this is not a completely scientific method the formulas are imprecise, but they are a starting point.
The "p" row indicates the posterior probabilities that we did find all sequence copies (see Methods for formula).
If possible, use both the geometric method and the formula method, and compare results to confirm that you have the right answer.
In this chapter simple methods and formulas for calculating two-dimensional turbulent flows are discussed.
For each subject, the following values were calculated based on TFI obtained by the 24-h dietary recall and the 7-day fluid record: difference in TFI between both methods (formula 1) and mean TFI for both methods (formula 2).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com