This analysis suggests that although the methods that rely on ancestry deconvolution are a useful tool for the specific case of recently admixed groups arising from strongly diverged populations, they may not be suitable for the analysis of fine-scale migration events, such as those that occurred across populations that split few tens to hundreds of generations in the past.
Although methods that include instrumental and manual rotation can be used at the end of labor to promote the rotation of the fetal head, various maternal postures may also be performed from the beginning of labor in occiput posterior position.
There are very few studies employing physiological methods that target elderly participants, although there are some studies targeting young adults or children.
This study incorporated data collected from three different studies using methods that were not identical, although the core set of measures was largely the same.
Although methods that use the substitution patterns or incompatibilities among sites seem be the most powerful strategy for identifying the presence of recombination events, no single method seems to perform optimally under all different scenarios [ 25].
The moderate frequency of the swept allele would also explain why statistics that summarise the mutation frequency spectrum such as Tajima's D and Fay and Wu's H did not capture the departure from the standard coalescent in the second patch [ 4], although methods that incorporate the additional information of linkage disequilibrium can [ 16].
Although methods that attempt to quantify the frequency of sympatric versus allopatric speciation exist, e.g., age-range overlap correlation [ 23, 37, 42, 43], these have been widely criticized when applied to fast-dispersing groups of taxa due to the high probability of post-speciation range shifts and because their results usually do not differ from null models [ 1].
Although localization methods that assume exponential decay exist in the literature (in the field of wireless communications), these methods have only been considered for wave propagation in non-dispersive media, in addition to the limiting assumption required by these methods that the source must not coincide with a sensor location.
The lasso is one of the methods studied by GS investigators [ 16, 17], although Bayesian methods that regularize the coefficients with strong priors tend to be favored [ 18, 19].
Clearly, we chose methods that appear to work best, although we cannot know that they work perfectly as we do not always have experimental data that are sufficiently precise and reliable.
