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The oligonucleotide based genomic signature methods require relatively large segments of DNA to give meaningful results, i.e. at least multiple kbp's depending on the Markov model used [25].
However, current MS methods require relatively large amounts of sample and quantification of phosphorylated sites is challenging, thus new phosphoproteomic strategies are needed.
All of the aforementioned methods require relatively high contrast and rely on various initializations, sequential tracking steps and/or require manual intervention of the operator which is extremely time costly and limited in the case of 3D data by human 2D vision (true 3D data can only be perceived as a 2D projection).
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Some years ago, the mineral composition of various trees was determined by classical methods requiring relatively large quantities of wood [14].
It is a robust method requiring relatively easy implementation.
The method requires relatively few time steps and can be employed with simulations having high resolution.
While the finite difference method often requires a large number of nodes to achieve convergence, the state space method requires relatively fewer sub-layers for continuously graded layers.
From Table 3, it can be noted that the time-domain detection method requires relatively smaller SNR levels compared with the ML scheme when N c ≥16 (in AWGN) and N c ≥32 (in EVA).
However, this method requires relatively large amounts of the pure solutes being studied and these are not always available or they may be most costly, although these solutions can be recovered.
Because the proposed low-complexity method requires relatively small channel information overhead and processing delays, it can be feasible for higher data rates where the bit duration approaches the channel coherence time.
Indirect methods abstract (more or less) formal generic knowledge from the patterns of language found in miscellaneous reports, stories, essays, weblogs, etc. Reliably extracting knowledge by the direct method requires relatively deep language understanding, and consequently is far from a mature technology.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com