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In this type of design-dependent loading problem, density-based topology optimization methods require extra numerical techniques (usually mixed models with overlapping domains) in order to model the interaction of different governing equations during the optimization procedures.
Although transverse blood flow velocity can be measured by both amplitude-modulated continuous-wave and pulsed illuminating PAM [ 20, 21], these methods require extra visible light exposure, which is not preferred in ophthalmic imaging.
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For the payload comparison among various methods, the proposed method requires extra payload of the reference map which indicates the locations of the embeddable cells.
Nevertheless, this method requires extra energy to monitor the wireless channel along the whole path, even when it is out of signal coverage, i.e., the train is cruising between stations.
However, energy consumption is a concern for mechanical methods, while non-mechanical methods require additional steps for removing the chemicals, resulting in extra costs.
Common approaches to strike this balance include implementing a penalty function and the more recent stochastic ranking method, but these methods require an extra tuning parameter which must be chosen by the user.
Of the different biological detoxification strategies, in situ laccase treatment has been considered a more feasible option than other methods because such treatment does not require extra equipment and it is performed under mild reaction conditions [ 8].
Compared to the differential phase contrast method [ 12], these logarithmic intensity-based motion contrast methods are simpler, have similar performance, and do not require extra software and hardware [ 19].
Compared with existing commercial detection equipment, the non-contact detection method can conveniently measure the HR with acceptable accuracy, especially during driving situations that require extra precaution.
The method has high maximum power point tracking speed and good steady-state response, and does not require extra sensing elements for different fuel cell equipment.
Dogs that work require extra nutrients.
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