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After a scrupulous introduction from the editors, explaining Twain's methods, problems and many false starts, the first volume opens with all those false starts.
The new benchmarks are not prone to the problems associated with using the mean score or the mean rank to evaluate methods, problems which have reduced the statistical power of previous studies.
The purpose of this review is to present the state-of-the-art methods, problems and potential future design techniques used for rock engineering in frozen ground, with particular regard to the design of mine openings in rock masses that may be subject to thawing.
Despite progress made in genome-wide sequencing and phasing algorithms and methods, problems assembling (and reconstructing linear haplotypes in) regions of repetitive DNA and structural variation remain.
However, lack of well defined and commonly accepted benchmark problems makes it difficult to evaluate and compare different methods: Problems are often incompletely and/or ambiguously specified, and personal communication is required to reconstruct essential aspects of the problems.
Observed discrepancies were mostly in expression levels detected by microarray and not immunohistochemistry; these differences are possibly due in part to varying sampling methods, problems related to probe and probe set identity as well as actual biological differences.
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Training methodologies were based on competency development methods and methodologies; it included active participation methods, problem-based learning, and motivation techniques.
All surveyors also participated in a 2 day refresher training halfway through the data collection period to review survey protocols and methods, problem-solve and ensure reliability.
Thus, the "common methods problem" is reduced compared to situations where only one data source is available (e.g., parents reporting both feeding strategies and child eating).
Therefore, it does not have the common numerical method problems.
Furthermore our combined use of health study data and objective information on sickness absences from public registries reduces common method problems.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com