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The effect of high-power, pulsed ion-beam irradiation and various methods of preliminary surface treatment on crater formation process was examined using Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.
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Therefore, the method of preliminary irradiation can be useful to increase the radiation hardness of silicon devices to be used as sensors or detectors in harsh radiation environments.
Therefore, this simple method of preliminary testing protein reactivity may prove to be a cost effective strategy in the development of new biomaterial surfaces modified using protein bioconjugation methods.
The use of membrane integrity dyes is a well-accepted method of preliminary assessment of cell recovery after experimental protocols.
Laboratory bioaccumulation studies carried out according to OECD [5] have a high use of test animals and consequently we recommend the development of in vitro methods for preliminary testing.
The trustworthiness of data was assured by triangulating findings from different respondents and methods and discussion of preliminary findings with local policy makers and maternal health care managers.
The two-phase method of a preliminary genetic analysis followed by a liberal resort (initiated specifically because of the detection of numerous singletons during phase 1) was an efficient way to direct resources.
Since previous studies indicate that the intratumoral injection of siRNAs is a feasible and convenient method for preliminary evaluation of siRNA effect in animal models [ 50], further in vivo study is warranted to better evaluate the efficiency of HPA-specific siRNAs on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
Rather than proposing a general sensor placement method, a set of preliminary sensor locations is determined based on engineering judgement.
The brine shrimp lethality assay was considered as a convenient method for preliminary assessment of toxicity.
Electrochemical technique can overcome this challenge by providing a method for preliminary activation of CO2.
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