Dr. Pickett himself was a pioneer in the field of devising methods of insect control that take full advantage of the predatory and parasitic species.
Pheromone-based methods of insect control are essential components of integrated pest management practices worldwide.
Yet, herbivore detection of HIPVs has not been dissected out either behaviourally or physiologically, in spite of their fundamental role in push-pull systems and their potential for novel chemical ecology-based methods of insect control [ 21].
Although a complex and highly evolved method of insect pollination is seen in Ficus, most species of these four families are wind-pollinated, and some species have adaptations that enhance this process.
The following search engines were used to obtained information on different test method of insect repellency assessment: Google Scholar, Springer Link and PubMed.
By the empirical testing of specific alternatives, side by side, at the pharmacological, physiological, individual bee and colony level, it will be possible to step forward, one step at a time, toward progressively less toxic methods of controlling insect pests.
Use of direct and indirect methods of tracking insects along with description of the role and utility of various molecular markers – protein and DNA – in monitoring insect dispersal, has been extensively reviewed [ 12].
In monoculture, the farmer is completely dependent on chemical insecticides, disease-resistant plant varieties, soil fumigation, and similar methods of controlling insects and diseases that are usually controlled by crop rotation.
Other traditional processing methods of edible insects include sun drying, roasting, smoking, boiling as well as removal of unpalatable parts (Rumpold et al. 2014).
Genetic manipulation of the BBPI genes in transgenic rice may lead to new methods for insect control in rice production.
Up until the turn of the century, most of the age-grading methods for insects were based on changes in the reproductive system, such as the changes in follicular development, the appearance of the male and female reproductive tract, as well as the accumulation of follicular relics (Hayes and Wall 1999).
