The current study used a multi-step method of initially flagging items for potential DIF using the Mantel chi-square statistic, followed by confirmation of DIF with two other tests (Standardized Liu-Agresti Cummulative Common Log-Odds Ratio (LOR Z) and Standardized Cox's Noncentrality Parameter (COX Z)).
We hypothesize that an incumbent firm's ability to exploit these new methods of invention depends initially on access to tacit knowledge on how to employ the new methods.
We applied a sophisticated genome-versus-genome comparison strategy that efficiently integrates the split-alignment algorithm from LAST [ 16] and the align-gap-excise algorithm from AGE [ 17], and subsequently implement an efficient method to initially identify various forms of structural variation and novel sequence from the assembly-versus-assembly alignment.
Figure 2 Sum capacity of the proposed method for different number of initially selected users S, SNR = 5 dB, and the number of transmit antennas are N t = 4. Figure 3 shows the number of feedback bits of the proposed method with the increase of the number of initially selected users by the base station.
Note that S affects the amount of feedback, but is not dependent on the number of transmit antennas N t. Figure 2 shows the sum capacity of the proposed method for different number of initially selected users, S = 1,3,5, all active users, for an increase of users.
Sixteen pigs were randomised to one of four methods initially, changing the method every fifth minute during mechanical chest compression at 100 min−100
Methods of probability were developed initially for the analysis of gambling games.
And that, the researchers reckon, will be good enough.The actual tests would employ the well-honed methods of operant conditioning, developed initially on pigeons, in which the test subject has first to work out what is going on by trial and error.
For the purpose of this study, methods of airway management were initially classified into orotracheal intubation (OTI), rapid sequence intubation (RSI), nasotracheal intubation (NTI) and cricothyrodotomy (CR).
In order to reduce the number of variables, simple statistical methods of data analysis were initially used to understand distribution patterns and to select the most important ones.
