This further demonstrates the conclusion in [10], and a more reasonable explanation and flexible method of channel selection is proposed.
Therefore, implementing frequency or time division multiple access becomes harder, and a MAC protocol (with single carrier) is often the preferred or natural method of channel access.
In addition, studies from, for example, [24] and [25] suggest that a time-domain approach is more robust against severe ISI compared with the frequency-domain method of channel equalization.
(2) The fourth order system of linearized differential equations of the DS buckling in a curvilinear channel is deduced with the use of differential geometry methods, theory of channel surfaces, and classical mechanics of systems with nonlinear constraints.
From Figure 5, it can be seen that in case of placing pilot tones randomly, the system has poor performance comparing to other methods because of channel estimation errors.
Meanwhile, traditional methods of linear channel estimation already attained optimal estimation performance such as utilization efficiency, so it is difficult to improve them further.
In the literature, three classes of methods for channel identification are presented.
Most methods of open-channel flow gauging adopted in the UK for both water resources assessment and environmental research are subject to error due to the presence in streamflow of entrained suspended sediment and bedload.
Conventional normalized least mean square (ISS-NLMS) algorithm using invariable step size was considered as one of the effective methods for channel estimation due to its easy implementation [4].
