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While three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods can be used to analyze realistic 3-D configurations, these methods normally require very fine grid resolution to resolve thin substructures such as jets and wall boundaries, resulting in a long simulation time.
Despite reasonable progress, current MS methods normally require tedious sample pre-treatment procedures and long experimental time (~ hours).
Such methods normally require a dense set of training views for successful ATR tasks and they are often limited in dealing with unknown targets.
However, these methods normally require a synchronization unit to realize OSG under certain frequency, and the transient response and dynamic stability of such methods are dependent on the performance of both OSG function and synchronization function.
However, these methods normally require microgram quantities of gDNA for library construction.
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We ran the meta-analysis separately for each trait because the method normally requires the experiments to be independent.
The double emulsion method normally requires the presence of stabilizers in order to confer colloidal stability during the first emulsification step, to prevent the coalescence of the emulsion droplets, and, later, to maintain the stability of the final nano/microparticles [ 98].
However, most papers attack the problem by developing data pre-treatment methods which normally require abstruse mathematical knowledge, deterring engineers from applying the methods in practice.
> > > > In order to apply SVM-based methods using kernels, we normally require positive semi-definite kernel functions K d and K t that calculate pairwise similarities between any pair of drugs and between any pair of targets.
Among the amorphous solids listed in the table, those that normally require vapour-condensation methods for their preparation are silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), water (H2O), and the elemental metallic glasses iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and bismuth (Bi).
These attributes additionally enable the instrument to meet the analysis requirements of EPA methods, like 1613, normally requiring magnetic sector instrumentation.
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