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Other methods need expensive capping agents or complex preparation processes that are too difficult to apply in industry.
However, physical methods need expensive equipments, high temperatures, and complex procedures which restrict further development in actual applications.
Since the established bumping methods need expensive equipment or are limited by the throughput, minimal pitch and yield the industry is currently searching for new and lower cost bumping approaches.
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Some of these methods also need expensive pilot testing.
However, many methods previously need expensive instruments, complex treatment process and cost longer time.
These methods allow minimizing costs of development of control of applications, because it produces target permanent realizations in comparison to classical development methods that usually need expensive real time measurement cards and produce only one purpose development solution.
The proposed method does not need expensive optical measurement equipment such as an optical spectrum analyzer.
However, the existing methods need either expensive precursors or long time process.
However, experimental methods need always expensive devices and use of them is not so easy.
In addition, PCT is suitable for pristine specimens and does not need expensive or time-consuming preparation methods, as are often required by electron-based characterization techniques [ 12].
The method described herein has many advantages: it does not need expensive sophisticated apparatus, it is simple and rapid, and it has high sensitivity.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com