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These biomarkers may be detectable and measurable by a variety of methods including physical examination, laboratory assays, and medical imaging.
We also introduce the preparative methods including physical adsorption, covalent binding and self-assembly on the MSNs' surfaces.
Various surface modification methods including physical and chemical approaches have been used to create micro- and nanostructures onto the Ti implant surfaces.
Toward this end, much effort has been exerted to develop strategies for immobilizing enzymes that remain functional and stable on nanomaterial surfaces; various methods including, physical and/or chemical attachment, entrapment, and crosslinking, have been employed [86, 88, 89].
Many methods including physical and chemical methods, such as chemical precipitation [1], filter media [2], biosorption [3], flocculation [4] and ion exchange [5], have been used to solve this problem by removing heavy metals from wastewater.
To obtain 1D ZnO materials, there are several methods including physical vapor phase growth that required high temperature and chemical approaches working at low temperature, in which hydrothermal synthesis is a good chemical approach for the synthesis of ZnO nanowire arrays (NWs) by fabricating ZnO seeds with the morphology of thin films or nanoparticles on substrates firstly[15, 16].
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The major pretreatment methods include physical, chemical, and biological approaches.
These methods included physical, chemical and biological methods (Shaban et al. 2017c; Robinson et al. 2001).
The diagnosis could be based on any method, including physical examination (positive anterior drawer test, pain, and swelling), arthrography, or a stress radiograph of the injured ankle.
The method includes physical determinators that describe the history of the pathologic event with the time-related changes occurring in the liver tissue sections.
Using disability adjusted life year (DALY) method, BOD including physical and mental diseases was measured.
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