Vaccines for human use have been produced for decades using classical manufacturing methods including culture of viruses and bacteria followed by various concentration-, inactivation-, detoxification-, conjugation production processes.
All four infections were eventually diagnosed unambiguously with several microbiological methods including culture, PCR, anatomopathology and immunodetection.
NPS were processed by standard methods, including culture, pneumococcal lytA quantitative real-time PCR, serotype 1-specific real-time PCR and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).
Positive controls for all studied BV-AAs were derived from positive clinical samples that were detected using reference methods, including culture and/or single PCR (sPCR).
We speculate that gene-based strategies like those described here may be combined with other methods, including culture modulation by growth factors and small molecules (Warren et al., 2010), to optimize endocrine differentiation or conversion of diverse cellular sources to advance cell replacement for diabetes.
The initial results, published three years ago, suggested that 51.5% of cases were down to pathogens, with the findings based on a suite of analytical methods, including culturing bacteria.
Several methods including culture-based and independent analyses showed that members of the class Proteobacteria, including the Alpha-, Betand and Gammaproteobacteria were considered to be the most predominant bacterial groups in water distribution systems [ 7].
Ensuring the functionality of both BSL-2+ and 3 level laboratories and the use of advanced mycobacteria detection methods, including culturing systems (e.g., MGIT960 system) and molecular techniques (e.g., HAIN Lifescience technology) will rapidly and drastically improve both, the detection and treatment of TB in CI.
The methods include culture with predators, culture in cages, intermittent harvesting, as well as hybridization, induction of sterility and production of mono-sex progenies.
Other diagnostic methods include culture of Entamoeba histolytica, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) [ 1, 31, 32].
Currently available B. pertussis diagnostic methods include culture, direct fluorescent antigen (DFA) tests, serology and nucleic acid amplification assays such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
