Several traditional methods including adsorption, coagulation, flocculation, ozonation, membrane-filtration, ion-exchange, oxidation, and chemical precipitation are known for the treatment of dye-containing effluents [1, 2].
Various physical, chemical and biological methods, including adsorption, biosorption coagulation and flocculation, advanced oxidation, ozonation, membrane filtration and liquid liquid extraction, have been widely used for the treatment of dye-bearing wastewater [2, 6, 7, 8].
Apart from these studies, other studies currently in progress at the NUS Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering include studies in wastewater treatment, reuse, and recycling, which focus on the use of physicochemical and biological methods, including adsorption, solid-liquid separation, and membrane systems.
Conventional methods including adsorption by various sorbents (Gupta et al. 2015), biosorption (Moussavi and Barikbin 2010), reduction (An et al. 2014), solvent extraction (Pagilla and Canter 1999), reverse osmosis (Lin et al. 2014) and ion exchange (Pehlivan and Cetin 2009) have been reported for chromium removal.
For the treatment of industrial textile dye containing effluents, various physical and chemical treatment methods including adsorption, coagulation, precipitation, filtration, and oxidation have been extensively used.
The attachment methods include adsorption, encapsulation, entrapment, covalent binding, and cross-linking [4].
The most common methods include adsorption onto nanoparticle surfaces, the addition of a second layer, the post addition of water soluble ligands, and the coating of functional materials to yield organic inorganic hybrids, etc.
Highly dispersed Pt Ru particles with different atomic ratios supported on carbon nanotubes were synthesized using an easy two-step synthesis method including adsorption and pyrolysis.
We also introduce the preparative methods including physical adsorption, covalent binding and self-assembly on the MSNs' surfaces.
A range of experimental methods including polymer adsorption isotherms, zeta potential, rheology and particle size measurements were used to assess the dispersion effect of the polymers.
Co-supported β-zeolite catalysts (20 wt.% Co as Co3O4) were prepared by impregnation (IMP20), incipient wetness (IW20), physical mixing (PHY20) and precipitation (PCT20) methods and were characterized by various methods including N2 adsorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2 thermal programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
