Several methods can be used to quantify the abundance of specific AMF in roots, and these methods include real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [53] [56].
The most commonly used methods include real-time PCR and microarray which can cause thermodynamic biases.
Commonly used non-high throughput gene expression assay methods include, Real-time RT-PCR, RNA blot (Northern and dot/slot blot) hybridization and RNase protection assay.
Measurement of circulating DNA fragments can be performed in plasma and serum by various methods including real time PCR and ELISA [ 21, 22].
Understanding of current economic issues and economic principles and methods, including real-world applications and elements of microeconomics and macroeconomics.
When required, we used other methods, including real-time PCR, long PCR and array CGH.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods offer great potential in this respect and several methods, including real-time PCRs have been evaluated for bTB applications [ 18- 21].
Since all RNA quantitation methods, including real-time RT-PCR, have their limitations, further validation of the differential gene expression pattern might need to be carried out.
Most recently, culture-independent methods including real-time PCR and high-throughput sequencing were used to characterize the structure of fecal microbiota in cirrhotic patients.
Here, we studied the individual steps of NS5B-catalyzed RNA synthesis by a combination of biophysical methods, including real-time 1D H NMR spectroscopy.
To investigate the underlying molecular basis of the acquired resistant cells to paclitaxel in breast cancer, we used multiple methods including real-time RT PCR, western blotting analysis, migration and invasion assays, wound healing assay, and transfection.
