However, many traditional methods has defects for the applications.
However, KSiNWs either grown by the classic metal catalytic vapor liquid solid method [10, 20 22] or fabricated by the newly developed metal-assisted chemical etching method [23] usually have defects that may affect their functionality.
This method is easy and does not need special instrument, but the method also has defects [ 32, 33].
Some recent studies with slight changes in methods have presented dentinal defects in un-instrumented specimens (Coelho et al. 2016a, b).
Culture-based methods have demonstrated a defect in the intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus [ 69, 75, 76], Streptococcus pneumoniae [ 71, 77] and Candida albicans [ 78].
It is presumed that the films deposited by the pulsed laser deposition method have many defects, such as oxygen vacancies.
To reconstruct large defects, several methods have been proposed including endoprosthesis, allografts, autografts, and recycled bone by pasteurization or liquid nitrogen.
Various closure devices and methods have been developed for large mucosal defects to prevent such complications.
Many methods have been used to repair these defects, including skin grafting, local flaps, and free flaps; however, in most cases, alloplastic implants must be removed to control infections.
Several methods have been used to manage these defects.
